Fetal ultrasonographic findings including cerebral hyperechogenicity in a patient with non-lethal form of Raine syndrome.
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| Abstract | 
   :  
              Raine syndrome is a rare osteosclerotic bone dysplasia characterized by craniofacial anomalies and intracranial calcification. Most patients with Raine syndrome are of Arab ancestry and die during the neonatal period. We herein report a Japanese patient with non-lethal Raine syndrome who presented with characteristic cerebral hyperechogenicity and a hypoplastic nose by fetal ultrasonography. She was admitted to the NICU due to pyriform aperture stenosis. Craniofacial abnormalities, intracranial calcification, osteosclerosis, chondrodysplasia punctata, and a mutation of FAM20C was identified. She was subsequently discharged without surgical intervention and is now 2 years old with mild neurodevelopmental delays. Images of cerebral hyperechogenicity by fetal ultrasonography in a non-lethal case were described herein for the first time. This patient represents a rare occurrence of a child with Raine syndrome born to Japanese parents and confirms that this syndrome is not always lethal. Even if Raine syndrome is suspected in a fetus due to cerebral hyperechogenicity and a hypoplastic nose, cerebral hyperechogenicity without pulmonary hypoplasia does not always predict lethality or severe neurodevelopmental delays. The information provided herein will be useful for prenatal counseling.  | 
        
| Year of Publication | 
   :  
              2018 
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| Journal | 
   :  
              American journal of medical genetics. Part A 
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| Date Published | 
   :  
              2018 
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| ISSN Number | 
   :  
              1552-4825 
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| URL | 
   :  
              http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.38598 
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| DOI | 
   :  
              10.1002/ajmg.a.38598 
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| Short Title | 
   :  
              Am J Med Genet A 
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